|
Jack Rakove
For Pauline, and anyone else I have not bored completely . . .
Actually my favorite source on the Mason-Dixon Line is Thomas Pynchon's novel, Mason & Dixon, which has a hilarious scene in which George Washington has a cook named Gershom who is both Black & Jewish and who cooks up a batch of kasha varnishkies while they're smoking a bowl of hemp (278-79) plus another one (349-52) reflecting on whether history is a science or just a set of stories.
But I digress. It would be wrong to say the Mason-Dixon line was designed to protect slavery. Its real purpose was to settle boundaries where four colonies overlapped; Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and the part of Virginia that became W. Va. during the Civil War. (There is a debate as to whether W Va. is or is not constitutional, but one way or another we are stuck with it.) These areas were densely settled before the Revolution, so to be confident about the validity of land titles, there was a legal need to sort out exactly where the boundaries ran.
Much later, you could see the Mason-Dixon line as a tacit boundary between slave and free states. PA was one of the first states to abolish slavery, after the Rev., but Delaware and Maryland remained slave states until the 13th Amendment was ratified in 1865. Remember they were Border States that remained "neutral" in the Civil War and Lincoln did not want to alienate them politically.
Further west, the Ohio River became a boundary between slave and free states after the NW Ordinance of 1787. But in fact slaves were still being held in parts of Illinois and Indiana into the 19th century, and various duplicitous efforts were made to legitimate a form of slavery through extended indentured servant contracts. Slavery remained a live issue in Illinois even after it became a state.
|